.TH TEX 1
.SH NAME
tex, latex, slitex, bibtex, dvips, dviselect, mf, mktexlsr \- text formatting and typesetting
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B tex
[
.I first-line
]
.PP
.B latex
.IR file [.tex]
.PP
.B slitex
[
.I first-line
]
.PP
.B dvips
[
.I option ...
]
.I dvifile
.PP
.B dviselect
[
.B -s
] [
.B -i
.I infile
] [
.B -o
.I outfile
]
.I "list of pages"
[
.I infile
[
.I outfile
] ]
.PP
.B bibtex
.I auxname
.PP
.B mf
[
.I first-line
]
.PP
.B mktexlsr
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I Tex
formats interspersed text and commands
and outputs a 
.B .dvi
(`device independent') file.
.PP
An argument given on the command line
behaves as the first input line.
That line should begin with a (possibly truncated) file name
or a 
.IR \econtrolsequence .
Thus
.B tex paper
processes the file
.BR paper.tex .
The base name of
.B paper
becomes the
.IR jobname ,
and is used in forming output file names.
If no file is named, the jobname is
.BR texput .
The default
.B .tex
extension can be overridden by specifying an extension explicitly.
.PP
The output is written on
.IB jobname .dvi\f1,
which can be printed using
.IR lp (1).
A log of error messages goes into
.IB jobname .log\f1.
.PP
As well as the standard TeX fonts, many PostScript
fonts can be used
(see the contents of
.BR /sys/lib/tex/fonts/psvf ).
The file
.B testfont.tex
(in the standard macro directory) will print a table of any font.
.PP
The following environment variables adjust the behavior of
.IR tex .
Search paths are lists of directories separated by colons.
The wildcard
.B // 
may expand to any path,
so 
.B /sys/lib/texmf//
means the entire tree rooted at 
.BR /sys/lib/texmf ,
and 
.B /usr//lib
includes any directories
named
.B lib
that sit anywhere under
.BR /usr .
Finally, braces may be used to specify alternatives, so that
.B /a/{b:c}/d
means
.B /a/b/d
or
.BR /a/c/d .
.PP
If a directory contains a file called 
.BR ls-R ,
that file is used as an index of the hierarchy rooted there.
These files may be created with 
.B mktexlsr 
(see below)
If a sought file is not found in an 
.B ls-R
listing, it is searched for by walking the
directory or directory hierarchy as specified.
If the path begins with 
.BR !! ,
the search is constrained to only look in the
.B ls-R
and not walk the hierarchy.
Thus 
.B !!/sys/lib/texmf//
means the entire tree rooted at
.BR /sys/lib/texmf ,
but only consulting 
.B /sys/lib/texmf/ls-R
to search for files.
.TF
.TP
.B TEXINPUTS
Search path for
.B \einput
and
.B \eopenin
files.
It should be colon-separated,
and start with dot.
Default:
.B .:$home/lib/tex:!!/sys/lib/texmf/tex//
.TP
.B TFMFONTS
Search path for font metric files.
Default: 
.B .:!!/sys/lib/texmf/tex/fonts//tfm//
.TP
.B PKFONTS
Search path for font bitmaps.
Default:
.B .:!!/sys/lib/texmf/fonts//pk//
.TP
.B TEXFORMATS
Search path for 
program format
files.
Default:
.B .:!!/sys/lib/texmf/web2c
.TP
.B TEXPOOL
Search path for strings.
Default:
.B .:!!/sys/lib/texmf/web2c
.TP
.B TEXEDIT
Template for the switch-to-editor-on-error option,
with
.B %s
for the file name
and
.B %d
for the line number.
Default:
.B /bin/ed %s
.TP
.B MFINPUTS
Search path for Metafont input files.
Default: 
.br
.B .:!!/sys/lib/texmf/metafont//:!!/sys/lib/texmf/fonts//source//
.TP
.B MPINPUTS
Search path for MetaPost input files.
Default:
.B .:!!/sys/lib/texmf/metapost//
.PD
.PP
.I Slitex
is a version of
.I tex
that is preloaded with a set of macros
useful for creating viewgraphs.
.PP
.I Latex
is a version of
.I tex
with a standard set of macros loaded.
.I Latex
produces
.IB file .dvi
and a cross-referencing file,
.IB file .aux\f1.
It might be necessary to run
.I latex
twice, to get all of the cross-referencing done properly.
.PP
.I Bibtex
is a bibliography processing program, often used in conjunction
with
.IR latex .
.I Bibtex
reads the top-level auxiliary
.RB ( .aux )
file output by
.I latex
and creates a bibliography
.RB ( .bbl )
file to be included in the LaTeX
source file.
The
.I auxname
on the command line should be given without an extension.
Each
.B \ecite
in the source file is looked up in bibliography files to gather
together those used in the document.
Then a bibliography style file is executed to write a
.B \ethebibliography
environment.
.PP
The source file should have defined the bibliography
.RB ( .bib )
files to search with the
.B \ebibliography
command, and the bibliography style
.RB ( .bst )
file to execute with the
.B \ebibliographystyle
command.
.I Bibtex
searches the
.B TEXINPUTS
path for
.BR .bst
files, and the
.B BIBINPUTS
path (default
.BR .:!!/sys/lib/texmf/bibtex// )
for
.B .bst
files.
The LaTeX manual describes how to make bibliography files.
.PP
.I Dvips
converts 
.B .dvi
files to PostScript,
writing the result on standard output.
It is normally invoked by
.IR lp (1),
but if invoked separately, the following options are useful:
.TP "\w'\fL-P\fP \fIdev\fLXX'u"
.B -r
reverse pages.
.B -r0
means don't reverse pages (if reversing is default).
.TP
.B -q0
Enable verbose chatter on standard error.
.TP
.BI -P dev
output device:
.I dev
is one of
.B ps
(default for
.IR dvips ),
.BR psfonts ,
or
.BR bitmapfonts .
The 
.B ps
device uses PostScript fonts wherever possible, quickly creating small documents
that are not very portable (since most sites and printers don't have the necessary PostScript
fonts installed).
The
.B psfonts
device includes all necessary fonts in the files, and thus quickly creates large portable documents.
These are especially good for distilling (see
.IR distill (1))
into PDF.
The
.B bitmapfonts
device behaves in the manner most common in other
.I tex
installations: it creates bitmap versions of each font and includes them
in the document, resulting in portable yet medium sized documents
that don't convert well to PDF.
If the bitmap fonts needed do not exist, they will be created on the fly,
which takes a fair bit of time.
.TP
.B -L
print paper in landscape mode.
.TP
.B -Z
compress the fonts before sending them.
.TP
.B -Z0
don't compress the fonts before sending them.
.PP
The following environment variables affect
.IR dvips :
.TF TEXVFONTS
.TP
.B PKFONTS
Search path for font bitmaps (PK files).
.TP
.B VFFONTS
Search path for virtual font descriptions.
.PD
.PP
.I Dviselect
selects pages from a
.B .dvi
file, creating a new
.B .dvi
file.
A
.I range
is a string of the form
.I first:last
where both
.I first
and
.I last
are optional numeric strings, with negative numbers indicated by
a leading underscore character
.RB ( _ ).
If both
.I first
and
.I last
are omitted, the colon may also be omitted, or may be replaced
with an asterisk
.RB ( * ).
A
.I TeX page selector
is a list of pages separated by periods.  A
.I "list of pages"
is described by a set of page TeX page selectors,
separated by commas and/or white space.
.I Dviselect
actually looks at the ten
.I count
variables that TeX writes; the first of these (\e\fLcount0\fP) is the
page number, with \e\fLcount1\fP through \e\fLcount9\fP having varied uses
depending on which macro packages are in use.  (Typically \e\fLcount1\fP
is a chapter or section number.)  A page is included in
.IR dviselect 's
output if all its \ecount values are within any one of the ranges
listed on the command line.  For example, the command
.L "dviselect *.1,35:"
might select everything in chapter 1, as well as pages 35 and up.
.PP
Instead of \e\fLcount\fP values,
.I dviselect
can also select by absolute page number,
indicated by a leading equal sign
.RB ( = ).
Ranges of absolute
pages are also allowed:
.L "dviselect =3:7"
will extract the third
through seventh pages.
.PP
.I Dvips
understands some extended graphics commands that can be output using
.I "tpic specials"
in the TeX source.
Many of them work by building up a path of
.I x,y
pairs, and then doing something with the path.
The tpic coordinate system has its origin at the current dvi position
when a drawing special is emitted;
all length arguments are in units of milli-inches,
and the y-axis goes positive downward.
.TP
.BI "\especial{pa " "x y" }
Add
.I x,y
to the current path.
.TP
.B "\especial{fp}
Flush the current path: draw it as a polygonal line and reset the path
to be empty.
.TP
.BI "\especial{da " dlen }
Like
.B fp
but draw dashed line, with dashes
.I dlen
milli-inches long.
.TP
.BI "\especial{dt " slen }
Like
.B fp
but draw a dotted line, with dots
.I slen
apart.
.TP
.B "\especial{sp}"
Like
.B fp
but draw a quadratic spline.  The spline goes through the midpoints of the
segments of the path, and straight pieces extend it to the endpoints.
.TP
.BI "\especial{ar " "x y xr yr s e" }
Draw a circular or elliptical arc with center at
.I x,y
and radii
.IR xr " and " yr .
The arc goes clockwise from angle
.I s
to angle
.I e
(angles measured clockwise from the positive x-axis).
.TP
.BI "\especial{pn " n }
Set line width (pen diameter) to 
.IR n milli-inches.
.TP
.B "\especial{bk}"
Set shading to black (will fill the next object drawn with black).
.TP
.B "\especial{sh}"
Set shading to grey.
.TP
.B "\especial{wh}"
Set shading to white.
.TP
.BI "\especial{psfile=" "file options" }
Include
.IR file ,
which should be a PostScript illustration,
making its origin be the current dvi position.
The default PostScript transformation matrix will be in effect,
but it can be modified by the
.IR options ,
a list of space-separated
.IR key = value
assignments.
Allowed keys are:
hoffset, voffset, hscale, vscale, angle,
If supplied, these values are supplied to PostScript
.IR translate , scale ", and " rotate"
commands, in that order.
Also, keys hsize and vsize may be supplied, to cause clipping to
those sizes.
Sizes and offsets should be specified in points,
angles should be specified in degrees.
.PP
All of the specials leave TeX at the same position on the page that
it started in.
.PP
.I Mf
runs metafont, a program that produces fonts for TeX.
It is used by
.I dvips
when bitmaps for a given font at a given size do not exist.
.PP
.I Mktexlsr
is used to generate
.B ls-R
files for quick path searching.
It simulates the Unix command
.RB `` "ls -LAR ." ''.
.SH FILES
.TP /sys/lib/texmf/web2c
Directory containing files directly supporting
the runtime environment of
.IR "tex et al." , 
such as 
.B .mem
and
.B .pool
files.
.TP 
.B /sys/lib/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf
Configuration file listing the default search paths mentioned above.
.TP
.B /sys/lib/texmf/tex
.I Tex
macros.
.TP
.B /sys/lib/texmf/tex/latex
.I Latex
macros.
.TP
.B /sys/lib/texmf/tex/latex/local
Locally installed
.I latex
macros.
.TP
.B /sys/lib/texmf/fonts
Fonts, fonts, and more fonts.
.TP
.B /sys/lib/texmf/dvips
Miscellaneous configuration files and PostScript headers
.TP
.B /sys/lib/texmf/doc
Various documentation organized in the same manner as
.BR /sys/lib/texmf .
.TP
.B "/sys/lib/texmf/bin/$objtype, /sys/lib/texmf/bin/rc
Auxiliary programs, such as
.IR mktexlsr ,
used by 
.I tex
and friends.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/cmd/tex
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IR lp (1),
.IR mp (1),
.IR page (1),
.IR pic (1),
.IR proof (1),
.IR troff (1),
.I delatex
in
.IR deroff (1)
.br
D. E. Knuth,
.IR The TEXbook ,
Addison-Wesley, 1984
.br
L. Lamport,
.I
LaTeX, A Document Preparation System,
Addison-Wesley, 1985
.br
H. Trickey,
``Latex User Guide'',
.I
Unix Research System Programmer's Manual,
Tenth Edition, Volume 2.
.br
Various documents in
.BR /sys/lib/texmf/doc .
.SH BUGS
Should be spelled τεχ.
.br
The path notation is bizarre.