# Wrapper module for _ssl, providing some additional facilities
# implemented in Python. Written by Bill Janssen.
"""\
This module provides some more Pythonic support for SSL.
Object types:
SSLSocket -- subtype of socket.socket which does SSL over the socket
Exceptions:
SSLError -- exception raised for I/O errors
Functions:
cert_time_to_seconds -- convert time string used for certificate
notBefore and notAfter functions to integer
seconds past the Epoch (the time values
returned from time.time())
fetch_server_certificate (HOST, PORT) -- fetch the certificate provided
by the server running on HOST at port PORT. No
validation of the certificate is performed.
Integer constants:
SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN
SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ
SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE
SSL_ERROR_WANT_X509_LOOKUP
SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL
SSL_ERROR_SSL
SSL_ERROR_WANT_CONNECT
SSL_ERROR_EOF
SSL_ERROR_INVALID_ERROR_CODE
The following group define certificate requirements that one side is
allowing/requiring from the other side:
CERT_NONE - no certificates from the other side are required (or will
be looked at if provided)
CERT_OPTIONAL - certificates are not required, but if provided will be
validated, and if validation fails, the connection will
also fail
CERT_REQUIRED - certificates are required, and will be validated, and
if validation fails, the connection will also fail
The following constants identify various SSL protocol variants:
PROTOCOL_SSLv2
PROTOCOL_SSLv3
PROTOCOL_SSLv23
PROTOCOL_TLSv1
"""
import textwrap
import _ssl # if we can't import it, let the error propagate
from _ssl import OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER, OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO, OPENSSL_VERSION
from _ssl import SSLError
from _ssl import CERT_NONE, CERT_OPTIONAL, CERT_REQUIRED
from _ssl import RAND_status, RAND_egd, RAND_add
from _ssl import \
SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN, \
SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ, \
SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE, \
SSL_ERROR_WANT_X509_LOOKUP, \
SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL, \
SSL_ERROR_SSL, \
SSL_ERROR_WANT_CONNECT, \
SSL_ERROR_EOF, \
SSL_ERROR_INVALID_ERROR_CODE
from _ssl import PROTOCOL_SSLv3, PROTOCOL_SSLv23, PROTOCOL_TLSv1
_PROTOCOL_NAMES = {
PROTOCOL_TLSv1: "TLSv1",
PROTOCOL_SSLv23: "SSLv23",
PROTOCOL_SSLv3: "SSLv3",
}
try:
from _ssl import PROTOCOL_SSLv2
_SSLv2_IF_EXISTS = PROTOCOL_SSLv2
except ImportError:
_SSLv2_IF_EXISTS = None
else:
_PROTOCOL_NAMES[PROTOCOL_SSLv2] = "SSLv2"
from socket import socket, _fileobject, _delegate_methods, error as socket_error
from socket import getnameinfo as _getnameinfo
import base64 # for DER-to-PEM translation
import errno
# Disable weak or insecure ciphers by default
# (OpenSSL's default setting is 'DEFAULT:!aNULL:!eNULL')
_DEFAULT_CIPHERS = 'DEFAULT:!aNULL:!eNULL:!LOW:!EXPORT:!SSLv2'
class SSLSocket(socket):
"""This class implements a subtype of socket.socket that wraps
the underlying OS socket in an SSL context when necessary, and
provides read and write methods over that channel."""
def __init__(self, sock, keyfile=None, certfile=None,
server_side=False, cert_reqs=CERT_NONE,
ssl_version=PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ca_certs=None,
do_handshake_on_connect=True,
suppress_ragged_eofs=True, ciphers=None):
socket.__init__(self, _sock=sock._sock)
# The initializer for socket overrides the methods send(), recv(), etc.
# in the instancce, which we don't need -- but we want to provide the
# methods defined in SSLSocket.
for attr in _delegate_methods:
try:
delattr(self, attr)
except AttributeError:
pass
if ciphers is None and ssl_version != _SSLv2_IF_EXISTS:
ciphers = _DEFAULT_CIPHERS
if certfile and not keyfile:
keyfile = certfile
# see if it's connected
try:
socket.getpeername(self)
except socket_error, e:
if e.errno != errno.ENOTCONN:
raise
# no, no connection yet
self._connected = False
self._sslobj = None
else:
# yes, create the SSL object
self._connected = True
self._sslobj = _ssl.sslwrap(self._sock, server_side,
keyfile, certfile,
cert_reqs, ssl_version, ca_certs,
ciphers)
if do_handshake_on_connect:
self.do_handshake()
self.keyfile = keyfile
self.certfile = certfile
self.cert_reqs = cert_reqs
self.ssl_version = ssl_version
self.ca_certs = ca_certs
self.ciphers = ciphers
self.do_handshake_on_connect = do_handshake_on_connect
self.suppress_ragged_eofs = suppress_ragged_eofs
self._makefile_refs = 0
def read(self, len=1024):
"""Read up to LEN bytes and return them.
Return zero-length string on EOF."""
try:
return self._sslobj.read(len)
except SSLError, x:
if x.args[0] == SSL_ERROR_EOF and self.suppress_ragged_eofs:
return ''
else:
raise
def write(self, data):
"""Write DATA to the underlying SSL channel. Returns
number of bytes of DATA actually transmitted."""
return self._sslobj.write(data)
def getpeercert(self, binary_form=False):
"""Returns a formatted version of the data in the
certificate provided by the other end of the SSL channel.
Return None if no certificate was provided, {} if a
certificate was provided, but not validated."""
return self._sslobj.peer_certificate(binary_form)
def cipher(self):
if not self._sslobj:
return None
else:
return self._sslobj.cipher()
def send(self, data, flags=0):
if self._sslobj:
if flags != 0:
raise ValueError(
"non-zero flags not allowed in calls to send() on %s" %
self.__class__)
while True:
try:
v = self._sslobj.write(data)
except SSLError, x:
if x.args[0] == SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
return 0
elif x.args[0] == SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
return 0
else:
raise
else:
return v
else:
return self._sock.send(data, flags)
def sendto(self, data, flags_or_addr, addr=None):
if self._sslobj:
raise ValueError("sendto not allowed on instances of %s" %
self.__class__)
elif addr is None:
return self._sock.sendto(data, flags_or_addr)
else:
return self._sock.sendto(data, flags_or_addr, addr)
def sendall(self, data, flags=0):
if self._sslobj:
if flags != 0:
raise ValueError(
"non-zero flags not allowed in calls to sendall() on %s" %
self.__class__)
amount = len(data)
count = 0
while (count < amount):
v = self.send(data[count:])
count += v
return amount
else:
return socket.sendall(self, data, flags)
def recv(self, buflen=1024, flags=0):
if self._sslobj:
if flags != 0:
raise ValueError(
"non-zero flags not allowed in calls to recv() on %s" %
self.__class__)
return self.read(buflen)
else:
return self._sock.recv(buflen, flags)
def recv_into(self, buffer, nbytes=None, flags=0):
if buffer and (nbytes is None):
nbytes = len(buffer)
elif nbytes is None:
nbytes = 1024
if self._sslobj:
if flags != 0:
raise ValueError(
"non-zero flags not allowed in calls to recv_into() on %s" %
self.__class__)
tmp_buffer = self.read(nbytes)
v = len(tmp_buffer)
buffer[:v] = tmp_buffer
return v
else:
return self._sock.recv_into(buffer, nbytes, flags)
def recvfrom(self, buflen=1024, flags=0):
if self._sslobj:
raise ValueError("recvfrom not allowed on instances of %s" %
self.__class__)
else:
return self._sock.recvfrom(buflen, flags)
def recvfrom_into(self, buffer, nbytes=None, flags=0):
if self._sslobj:
raise ValueError("recvfrom_into not allowed on instances of %s" %
self.__class__)
else:
return self._sock.recvfrom_into(buffer, nbytes, flags)
def pending(self):
if self._sslobj:
return self._sslobj.pending()
else:
return 0
def unwrap(self):
if self._sslobj:
s = self._sslobj.shutdown()
self._sslobj = None
return s
else:
raise ValueError("No SSL wrapper around " + str(self))
def shutdown(self, how):
self._sslobj = None
socket.shutdown(self, how)
def close(self):
if self._makefile_refs < 1:
self._sslobj = None
socket.close(self)
else:
self._makefile_refs -= 1
def do_handshake(self):
"""Perform a TLS/SSL handshake."""
self._sslobj.do_handshake()
def _real_connect(self, addr, return_errno):
# Here we assume that the socket is client-side, and not
# connected at the time of the call. We connect it, then wrap it.
if self._connected:
raise ValueError("attempt to connect already-connected SSLSocket!")
self._sslobj = _ssl.sslwrap(self._sock, False, self.keyfile, self.certfile,
self.cert_reqs, self.ssl_version,
self.ca_certs, self.ciphers)
try:
if return_errno:
rc = socket.connect_ex(self, addr)
else:
rc = None
socket.connect(self, addr)
if not rc:
if self.do_handshake_on_connect:
self.do_handshake()
self._connected = True
return rc
except socket_error:
self._sslobj = None
raise
def connect(self, addr):
"""Connects to remote ADDR, and then wraps the connection in
an SSL channel."""
self._real_connect(addr, False)
def connect_ex(self, addr):
"""Connects to remote ADDR, and then wraps the connection in
an SSL channel."""
return self._real_connect(addr, True)
def accept(self):
"""Accepts a new connection from a remote client, and returns
a tuple containing that new connection wrapped with a server-side
SSL channel, and the address of the remote client."""
newsock, addr = socket.accept(self)
try:
return (SSLSocket(newsock,
keyfile=self.keyfile,
certfile=self.certfile,
server_side=True,
cert_reqs=self.cert_reqs,
ssl_version=self.ssl_version,
ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
ciphers=self.ciphers,
do_handshake_on_connect=self.do_handshake_on_connect,
suppress_ragged_eofs=self.suppress_ragged_eofs),
addr)
except socket_error as e:
newsock.close()
raise e
def makefile(self, mode='r', bufsize=-1):
"""Make and return a file-like object that
works with the SSL connection. Just use the code
from the socket module."""
self._makefile_refs += 1
# close=True so as to decrement the reference count when done with
# the file-like object.
return _fileobject(self, mode, bufsize, close=True)
def wrap_socket(sock, keyfile=None, certfile=None,
server_side=False, cert_reqs=CERT_NONE,
ssl_version=PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ca_certs=None,
do_handshake_on_connect=True,
suppress_ragged_eofs=True, ciphers=None):
return SSLSocket(sock, keyfile=keyfile, certfile=certfile,
server_side=server_side, cert_reqs=cert_reqs,
ssl_version=ssl_version, ca_certs=ca_certs,
do_handshake_on_connect=do_handshake_on_connect,
suppress_ragged_eofs=suppress_ragged_eofs,
ciphers=ciphers)
# some utility functions
def cert_time_to_seconds(cert_time):
"""Takes a date-time string in standard ASN1_print form
("MON DAY 24HOUR:MINUTE:SEC YEAR TIMEZONE") and return
a Python time value in seconds past the epoch."""
import time
return time.mktime(time.strptime(cert_time, "%b %d %H:%M:%S %Y GMT"))
PEM_HEADER = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----"
PEM_FOOTER = "-----END CERTIFICATE-----"
def DER_cert_to_PEM_cert(der_cert_bytes):
"""Takes a certificate in binary DER format and returns the
PEM version of it as a string."""
if hasattr(base64, 'standard_b64encode'):
# preferred because older API gets line-length wrong
f = base64.standard_b64encode(der_cert_bytes)
return (PEM_HEADER + '\n' +
textwrap.fill(f, 64) + '\n' +
PEM_FOOTER + '\n')
else:
return (PEM_HEADER + '\n' +
base64.encodestring(der_cert_bytes) +
PEM_FOOTER + '\n')
def PEM_cert_to_DER_cert(pem_cert_string):
"""Takes a certificate in ASCII PEM format and returns the
DER-encoded version of it as a byte sequence"""
if not pem_cert_string.startswith(PEM_HEADER):
raise ValueError("Invalid PEM encoding; must start with %s"
% PEM_HEADER)
if not pem_cert_string.strip().endswith(PEM_FOOTER):
raise ValueError("Invalid PEM encoding; must end with %s"
% PEM_FOOTER)
d = pem_cert_string.strip()[len(PEM_HEADER):-len(PEM_FOOTER)]
return base64.decodestring(d)
def get_server_certificate(addr, ssl_version=PROTOCOL_SSLv3, ca_certs=None):
"""Retrieve the certificate from the server at the specified address,
and return it as a PEM-encoded string.
If 'ca_certs' is specified, validate the server cert against it.
If 'ssl_version' is specified, use it in the connection attempt."""
host, port = addr
if (ca_certs is not None):
cert_reqs = CERT_REQUIRED
else:
cert_reqs = CERT_NONE
s = wrap_socket(socket(), ssl_version=ssl_version,
cert_reqs=cert_reqs, ca_certs=ca_certs)
s.connect(addr)
dercert = s.getpeercert(True)
s.close()
return DER_cert_to_PEM_cert(dercert)
def get_protocol_name(protocol_code):
return _PROTOCOL_NAMES.get(protocol_code, '<unknown>')
# a replacement for the old socket.ssl function
def sslwrap_simple(sock, keyfile=None, certfile=None):
"""A replacement for the old socket.ssl function. Designed
for compability with Python 2.5 and earlier. Will disappear in
Python 3.0."""
if hasattr(sock, "_sock"):
sock = sock._sock
ssl_sock = _ssl.sslwrap(sock, 0, keyfile, certfile, CERT_NONE,
PROTOCOL_SSLv23, None)
try:
sock.getpeername()
except socket_error:
# no, no connection yet
pass
else:
# yes, do the handshake
ssl_sock.do_handshake()
return ssl_sock
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