.\" Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved 
.TH "MKNOD" 3P 2003 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
.\" mknod 
.SH PROLOG
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.
The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult
the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
.SH NAME
mknod \- make a directory, a special file, or a regular file
.SH SYNOPSIS
.LP
\fB#include <sys/stat.h>
.br
.sp
int mknod(const char *\fP\fIpath\fP\fB, mode_t\fP \fImode\fP\fB, dev_t\fP
\fIdev\fP\fB); \fP
\fB
.br
\fP
.SH DESCRIPTION
.LP
The \fImknod\fP() function shall create a new file named by the pathname
to which the argument \fIpath\fP points.
.LP
The file type for \fIpath\fP is OR'ed into the \fImode\fP argument,
and the application shall select one of the following
symbolic constants:
.TS C
center; l l.
\fBName\fP	\fBDescription\fP
S_IFIFO	FIFO-special
S_IFCHR	Character-special (non-portable)
S_IFDIR	Directory (non-portable)
S_IFBLK	Block-special (non-portable)
S_IFREG	Regular (non-portable)
.TE
.LP
The only portable use of \fImknod\fP() is to create a FIFO-special
file. If \fImode\fP is not S_IFIFO or \fIdev\fP is not 0,
the behavior of \fImknod\fP() is unspecified.
.LP
The permissions for the new file are OR'ed into the \fImode\fP argument,
and may be selected from any combination of the
following symbolic constants:
.TS C
center; l2 l.
\fBName\fP	\fBDescription\fP
S_ISUID	Set user ID on execution.
S_ISGID	Set group ID on execution.
S_IRWXU	Read, write, or execute (search) by owner.
S_IRUSR	Read by owner.
S_IWUSR	Write by owner.
S_IXUSR	Execute (search) by owner.
S_IRWXG	Read, write, or execute (search) by group.
S_IRGRP	Read by group.
S_IWGRP	Write by group.
S_IXGRP	Execute (search) by group.
S_IRWXO	Read, write, or execute (search) by others.
S_IROTH	Read by others.
S_IWOTH	Write by others.
S_IXOTH	Execute (search) by others.
S_ISVTX	On directories, restricted deletion flag.
.TE
.LP
The user ID of the file shall be initialized to the effective user
ID of the process. The group ID of the file shall be
initialized to either the effective group ID of the process or the
group ID of the parent directory. Implementations shall provide
a way to initialize the file's group ID to the group ID of the parent
directory. Implementations may, but need not, provide an
implementation-defined way to initialize the file's group ID to the
effective group ID of the calling process. The owner, group,
and other permission bits of \fImode\fP shall be modified by the file
mode creation mask of the process. The \fImknod\fP()
function shall clear each bit whose corresponding bit in the file
mode creation mask of the process is set.
.LP
If \fIpath\fP names a symbolic link, \fImknod\fP() shall fail and
set \fIerrno\fP to [EEXIST].
.LP
Upon successful completion, \fImknod\fP() shall mark for update the
\fIst_atime\fP, \fIst_ctime\fP, and \fIst_mtime\fP
fields of the file. Also, the \fIst_ctime\fP and \fIst_mtime\fP fields
of the directory that contains the new entry shall be
marked for update.
.LP
Only a process with appropriate privileges may invoke \fImknod\fP()
for file types other than FIFO-special.
.SH RETURN VALUE
.LP
Upon successful completion, \fImknod\fP() shall return 0. Otherwise,
it shall return -1, the new file shall not be created, and
\fIerrno\fP shall be set to indicate the error.
.SH ERRORS
.LP
The \fImknod\fP() function shall fail if:
.TP 7
.B EACCES
A component of the path prefix denies search permission, or write
permission is denied on the parent directory.
.TP 7
.B EEXIST
The named file exists.
.TP 7
.B EINVAL
An invalid argument exists.
.TP 7
.B EIO
An I/O error occurred while accessing the file system.
.TP 7
.B ELOOP
A loop exists in symbolic links encountered during resolution of the
\fIpath\fP argument.
.TP 7
.B ENAMETOOLONG
The length of a pathname exceeds {PATH_MAX} or a pathname component
is longer than {NAME_MAX}.
.TP 7
.B ENOENT
A component of the path prefix specified by \fIpath\fP does not name
an existing directory or \fIpath\fP is an empty
string.
.TP 7
.B ENOSPC
The directory that would contain the new file cannot be extended or
the file system is out of file allocation resources.
.TP 7
.B ENOTDIR
A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
.TP 7
.B EPERM
The invoking process does not have appropriate privileges and the
file type is not FIFO-special.
.TP 7
.B EROFS
The directory in which the file is to be created is located on a read-only
file system.
.sp
.LP
The \fImknod\fP() function may fail if:
.TP 7
.B ELOOP
More than {SYMLOOP_MAX} symbolic links were encountered during resolution
of the \fIpath\fP argument.
.TP 7
.B ENAMETOOLONG
Pathname resolution of a symbolic link produced an intermediate result
whose length exceeds {PATH_MAX}.
.sp
.LP
\fIThe following sections are informative.\fP
.SH EXAMPLES
.SS Creating a FIFO Special File
.LP
The following example shows how to create a FIFO special file named
\fB/home/cnd/mod_done\fP, with read/write permissions for
owner, and with read permissions for group and others.
.sp
.RS
.nf

\fB#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
.sp

dev_t dev;
int   status;
\&...
status  = mknod("/home/cnd/mod_done", S_IFIFO | S_IWUSR |
    S_IRUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH, dev);
\fP
.fi
.RE
.SH APPLICATION USAGE
.LP
The \fImkfifo\fP() function is preferred over this function for making
FIFO special
files.
.SH RATIONALE
.LP
The POSIX.1-1990 standard required that the group ID of a newly created
file be set to the group ID of its parent directory or
to the effective group ID of the creating process. FIPS 151-2 required
that implementations provide a way to have the group ID be
set to the group ID of the containing directory, but did not prohibit
implementations also supporting a way to set the group ID to
the effective group ID of the creating process. Conforming applications
should not assume which group ID will be used. If it
matters, an application can use \fIchown\fP() to set the group ID
after the file is created,
or determine under what conditions the implementation will set the
desired group ID.
.SH FUTURE DIRECTIONS
.LP
None.
.SH SEE ALSO
.LP
\fIchmod\fP(), \fIcreat\fP(), \fIexec\fP(), \fImkdir\fP(), \fImkfifo\fP()
,
\fIopen\fP(), \fIstat\fP(), \fIumask\fP(), the Base
Definitions volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, \fI<sys/stat.h>\fP
.SH COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .